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1. Why Use AI?
Genetic Improvement: AI allows breeders to select specific traits such as size, growth rate, egg production, and disease resistance, thereby improving the quality and performance of the flock.
Overcome Breeding Challenges: In some poultry species, particularly turkeys, the size and physical characteristics of the birds can make natural mating difficult or impossible. AI ensures that even heavily muscled birds can reproduce without injuries.
Disease Control: AI can help reduce the spread of sexually transmitted diseases among the flock because it minimizes physical contact during breeding.
2. How Ita s Done
Semen Collection: Semen is typically collected from male birds using a massage technique that stimulates the cloaca and associated glands. This method is considered effective and safe when performed by trained personnel.
Semen Preparation: Once collected, semen may be evaluated for quality (motility, concentration, and volume), diluted with an extender (a solution that nourishes and preserves sperm), and sometimes refrigerated if it is not to be used immediately.
Insemination: The semen is then introduced into the female reproductive tract using a syringe and a specialized insemination tube. The process is delicate and requires knowledge of avian anatomy to ensure that the semen is deposited correctly without harming the hen.
Benefits of Artificial Insemination
1. Enhanced Reproductive Efficiency: AI allows for the optimal use of valuable genetics and can significantly increase the number of offspring from high-quality males.
2. Increased Genetic Diversity: AI can be used to introduce new genetic material from distant populations, helping to enhance the genetic diversity of the flock.
3. Improved Biosecurity: By controlling mating interactions, AI can reduce the risk of infectious diseases that might otherwise spread through natural mating behaviors.
4. Precise Record Keeping: AI facilitates better record-keeping and tracking of breeding data, which is crucial for effective breeding