Transformers

A transformer is a device that converts electrical energy from one circuit to another, or several circuits. A changing current in any transformer coil causes a changing magnetic flux in the core, which causes a changing electromotive force across all other coils coiled around the same core. Without the need for a metallic link between the two circuits, electrical energy can always be exchanged between them.

Depending on its end-use, construction, supply, and function, electrical transformers can be divided into several types. Based on the design, there are two types of transformers: core type transformers and shell-type transformers. On the basis of supply, there are two types of transformers: single-phase transformer and three-phase transformer.

On the basis of purpose, there are two types of transformers: step up transformer and step-down transformer. Whereas on the basis of use, there are three types of transformers: power transformer, distribution transformer and instrument transformer. On the basis of cooling, there are three types of transformers: self-cooled oil-filled transformers, water-cooled oil-filled transformers and air-cooled (air blast) transformers.

Transformers are used in electric power transmission to allow high-voltage transmission, which lowers the loss caused by wire heating. This makes it possible to put producing units at a cost-effective distance from electricity users. By the time it reaches the customer, almost all of the world's electrical power has travelled through a succession of transformers. A transformer is used in many electronic equipments to convert voltage from distribution cable to useful values for circuit requirements, usually immediately at the power line frequency or via a switch mode power supply.

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