Tea 

What is Tea: Types & Compounds
 

Camellia sinensis, the plant that produces tea, is used in the production of all types of tea. There are six primary varieties of tea that are manufactured.  Every kind of tea has its own distinct smell, flavour, and look in the cup. Black and green tea are the two most well-known types of tea in the West. The unique flavours of these teas are the result of their various chemical compositions, which vary greatly from one another.

Different Types of Tea
 

As a topic for categorization, tea may be broken down into six primary types. While there are literally hundreds of different kinds of tea around the globe, tea can be classified into these varieties:

1. Black Tea: The leaves of black tea are wilted, then totally oxidised, and finally dried. The brew that is often produced from black tea is robust and golden in colour. The robust morning teas (such as English Breakfast and Irish Breakfast) and Darjeelings are two of the most well-liked varieties of black tea.

2. Green Tea: When making green tea, great care is taken to prevent the oxidation of the tea leaves so that the beverage may maintain its characteristic bright green colour and unspoiled taste. In Japan, the leaves go through a process that involves steaming, but in other countries, the drying process may use pan-firing or another technique. This kind of tea often boils out a light green or golden colour when prepared, and its taste is not as robust as that of black tea.

3. Oolong Tea: Only a portion of the leaves of oolong tea are oxidised, and it is mostly manufactured in China and Taiwan. The taste of this sort of tea may range from tasting very much like fresh green tea to having a flavour that is completely different from any other form of green tea. The flavour can change drastically depending on where the tea leaves are cultivated and how the tea is processed.

4. White Tea: White tea, which originated in China, is made by just withering and drying the leaves, which results in very mild oxidation. Its taste is most comparable to that of green tea, however, it is often creamier, softer, and sweeter than green tea.

5. Pu-erh: Pu-erh, which may also be written as Pu'er, is a kind of tea that is only produced in China and is revered for the particularly earthy taste it has. Pu-erh is a kind of tea that has undergone fermentation and has often been aged underground for a number of years. Pu-erh is traditionally formed into round cakes and may be rather pricey depending on the quality of the cake

6. Yellow Tea: The most uncommon kind of tea is called yellow tea. It is prepared in the same manner as green tea, but the leaves are allowed to dry at a lower temperature, which gives them a yellowish hue. The flavour of the tea is subdued and is often characterised as being somewhere in between of that white tea and green tea.

7. Yerba Mate & Guayusa: Both Yerba Mate and Guayusa, which originate in South America, are herbal infusions that naturally contain caffeine. They are highly prized because of the exceptional combination of caffeine and calming, energetic effects that they provide. Guayusa has a taste that is earthy, rich, and naturally smooth, whereas Yerba Mate has a taste that is herbaceous, vegetal, and grassy with a bittersweet flavour. Yerba Mate also has a somewhat sweet aftertaste.

Compounds of Tea
 

The different chemical compounds in tea are:

1. Polyphenols: Astringency is a taste experience that generates a drying feeling on the tongue and bitterness. It is mostly caused by polyphenols, which are found in steeped teas and are mainly responsible for their presence. The phrase "polyphenol" simply refers to a classification of compounds that are made up of many phenolic groups, which is where the name "polyphenol" comes from. These plant metabolites are the most prevalent molecules found in tea, and they are generated by plants as a kind of defence against insects and other animals. In newly harvested tea leaves and the solids that are found in tea beverages, polyphenols may make up as much as 30–40% of the total.

2. Amino Acids: Umami, often known as sweetness and brothiness, is a characteristic of finished tea that is contributed by amino acids. In the tea field, amino acids are converted to polyphenols by sunshine; tea that is grown in the shadow has a greater quantity of amino acids than tea that is grown in direct sunlight. Some tea plants are even purposefully shadowed for many weeks prior to harvesting in order to maximise the amino acid content in the leaves. This is a method that results in final tea that has a pronounced umami flavour. Tea plants that have been kept in the shade for 22 days have four times the amount of amino acids that are found in plants that have not been kept in the shade.

3. Enzymes: The tea leaves contain a number of enzymes, the two most significant of which are polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. When the cell walls of the leaves are damaged, the polyphenols within are exposed to oxygen, a process known as oxidation, which causes the leaves to become brown enzymatically and become unsuitable for use in tea. 

4. Pigments: Pigments in plant leaves are what give the leaves their colour and are also responsible for the absorption of light, which is necessary for photosynthesis. Chlorophylls and carotenoids are the two primary categories of pigments that are found in freshly plucked tea leaves. As a result of withering and oxidation, these pigments become more concentrated, which results in a darker appearance. As a result of oxidation, chlorophylls, which are green in colour, are converted into pheophytins, which are black in colour. This degrading process is responsible for giving final oxidised teas their black appearance.

5. Carbohydrates: Starches and sugars, which are together referred to as carbs, are the means by which all plants store the energy produced during photosynthesis. Later on, plants tap into this stored energy to power crucial chemical activities. Carbohydrates are both a source of fuel for the enzymatic activities that take place during the oxidation process in tea and the primary contributors to the production of polyphenols in younger tea leaves.

Benefits of Tea
 

There is a possibility that tea in powdered form, decaffeinated form, or bottled form does not provide the same health advantages. In addition, studies reveal that green teas provide a more potent dose of antioxidants than the majority of other kinds. let us look at some of the benefits of tea in general:

1. Weight Management: There is not yet conclusive evidence, but a number of studies point to the possibility that the caffeine and catechins, which are a kind of polyphenol, in tea may assist with weight reduction. It did not seem that decaffeinated green teas produced the same outcomes as their caffeinated counterparts. Even while the study on caffeinated green tea seems to go in a positive direction, there are still a lot of concerns that need to be solved. 

2. Health of the Heart: People who drink tea on a regular basis may be doing their hearts a favour by doing so. People who consume green or black tea on a daily basis may have a decreased chance of developing cardiovascular disease, according to some studies; nevertheless, the results have been contradictory in terms of tea's ability to reduce levels of blood pressure and cholesterol.

3. Diabetes: The research regarding diabetes isn't as clear as it could be. It has been shown by a number of studies that the catechins included in green tea may assist in maintaining normal blood sugar levels, hence lowering the probability of acquiring type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, these results are mostly based on procedures carried out in other nations and have not been verified in clinical studies. In addition, researchers are investigating whether or not drinking herbal teas including spearmint and chamomile might help reduce the risk of developing diabetes. 

4. Cancer: Even though there is a lot of information available online regarding tea as a beverage that fights cancer, research has not shown that drinking tea helps to lower the chance of developing cancer. Tea drinkers may have a decreased risk for some forms of cancer, according to the results of certain research; however, the findings of other studies contradict these findings. It is not known at this moment whether or not drinking tea may lower your chance of developing cancer.

FAQs: Tea
 

Q. Is the tea business profitable?
Ans. It is possible for this to operate as a stand-alone mode of a tea company, or it is also possible for it to be operated concurrently with a real tea store in which customers go to purchase and eat the beverage. The business of running a tea store is thus potentially one of the most lucrative companies.

Q. Is tea the second most consumed drink?
Ans. Water is without a doubt the beverage that is consumed the most frequently among them. But have you ever considered going with the second drink option? It is indeed tea! Since tea is the most well-liked beverage on the planet, it should come as no surprise that its consumption is widespread everywhere.

Q. How to start a tea business in India?
Ans. You’ll need the following registrations to start a tea business in India:

1. PAN Registration

2. IEC Code and AD Code Registration

3. Shop Establishment Registration

4. MSME Registration

5. FSSAI Registration

Q. What are the requirements for the tea business?
Ans. The basic requirements for starting a tea business are:

1. Chairs and tables or benches

2. Tea-making pans

3. Teacups

4. Stove

5. Kettle

6. Ingredients to make tea

7. Vending Machine for the tea
 

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Tea Business in India: Advantages & Scope