Mesalazine Prolonged Release Granules 1g - Grade: Medicine Grade

Pentasa is a brand name for the drug mesalazine, also known as mesalamine. It is an anti-inflammatory medication primarily used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Here's a comprehensive description of Pentasa:
1. Active Ingredient and Mechanism of Action
Active Ingredient: Mesalazine (or mesalamine), which is a 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA).
Mechanism: The exact mechanism is not fully understood, but it is believed to work locally in the intestines to reduce inflammation. It is thought to:
Inhibit the production of inflammatory chemicals (prostaglandins and leukotrienes).
Suppress the activity of certain immune cells.
Scavenge free radicals, which can contribute to tissue damage.
The formulation of Pentasa is designed to release the active ingredient continuously throughout the small and large bowel, delivering the medicine directly to the site of inflammation. This targeted delivery minimizes systemic absorption and reduces the risk of side effects that would occur if the drug were absorbed systemically.

2. Indications (What it's used for)
Pentasa is prescribed to treat mild to moderate cases of:
Ulcerative Colitis (UC): A chronic inflammatory disease that causes inflammation and sores (ulcers) in the lining of the colon and rectum.
Crohn's Disease: A chronic inflammatory condition that can affect any part of the digestive tract.
Pentasa is used both to induce remission (to help a flare-up subside) and for maintenance therapy to prevent future flare-ups.

3. Forms and Dosage
Pentasa is available in several forms, each designed to deliver the medication to a specific part of the digestive tract:
Oral capsules or tablets: Extended-release formulations that release the medication throughout the intestines.
Granules: Small granules that can be mixed with food (like yogurt or applesauce) for easier swallowing.
Rectal suppositories: Used for inflammation in the rectum (proctitis).
Rectal enemas: Used for inflammation in the rectum and lower colon.
The dosage and frequency depend on the form of the medication and the specific condition being treated, so it is crucial to follow a doctor's instructions.

4. Side Effects
While generally well-tolerated, Pentasa can cause side effects, which may include:
Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, gas.
Neurological: Headache, dizziness.
Other: Skin rash, itching, flu-like symptoms, and less commonly, hair loss.
Serious, but rare, side effects can occur, and medical attention should be sought if you experience:
Worsening of symptoms (cramping, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, fever), which could indicate a drug-induced intolerance syndrome.
Signs of kidney problems, such as changes in urination or swelling in the legs or feet.
Signs of liver problems, such as yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice).
Severe skin reactions.

5. Warnings and Precautions
Kidney and Liver Function: Pentasa can affect kidney and liver function. A doctor will typically perform blood tests to check these functions before and during treatment.
Sun Sensitivity: The medication may increase sensitivity to sunlight, so sun protection is advised.
Drug Interactions: Pentasa can interact with other medications. It is important to inform a healthcare provider about all other drugs being taken, particularly:
NSAIDs: Taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen) with mesalamine can increase the risk of kidney problems.
Mercaptopurine or Azathioprine: Combining these drugs with Pentasa can increase the risk of blood disorders.