Mineral ClassSpinel
Hardness8 Mohs
Specific Gravity3.4-4.1
ColorBlue
TransparencyTransparent-Opaque
LustreVitreous
MaterialCarbon
HardnessMohs 10
Crystal StructureCubic
ColorWhite
Refractive Index2.42
Dispersion0.044
ColorGreen
CompositionSiO2·nH2O
CrystallizationAmorphous
Hardness (Mohs)5.5-6.5
Specific Gravity1.9-2.3
Water Content3-10%
CompositionBeryl
ColorBlue
Hardness (Mohs):7.5-8
Refractive Index1.57-1.60
CleavagePoor
Crystal SystemHexagonal
ColorYellowish
MaterialTopaz
Hardness (Mohs)8
TransparencyHigh
Refractive Index1.61-1.63
UsageJewelry making collectible
ColorBlue
MaterialSapphire
Hardness9 Mohs
Refractive Index1.762-1.77
DimensionsVariable
Carat WeightVariable
ColorPurple
CompositionSiO2
Hardness (Mohs):7
Birefringence0.009
Refractive Index1.544-1.553
Crystal SystemTrigonal
CompositionOlivine
Birefringence0.037
CleavageIndiscernible
Crystal SystemOrthorhombic
Hardness6.5-7
Index of Refraction1.630-1.695
ColorPinkish Red
MaterialCorundum
Hardness (Mohs):9
Refractive Index1.76-1.78
CompositionAl2O3
ClarityVariable
MineralTourmaline
ColorPink
Crystal SystemTrigonal
Hardness (Mohs):7-7.5
Specific Gravity3.0-3.2
UsageJewelry specimens collections
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