Knodbs-into-hole

We are the leading service provider involved in providing services of Knodbs-Into-Hole. To overcome the disadvantage of tri-functional antibody production as a mixture, scientists from Creative Biolabs introduced knobs-into-holes amino acid changes to perform rational design in antibody engineering. The principle is that heavy chains (H) of human immunoglobulin IgG interact at the level of their CH3 domains directly, whereas, at the level of their CH2 domains, they interact via the carbohydrate attached to the Asn N84.4 in the DE turn. Therefore, the interface between CH3 domains can play a key role for the efficient formation of heterodimers.