Bath Soaps 

The main difference between a bath and toilet soap is that the toilet soap comes with more cleansing properties. Meanwhile, the bath soap is too has the cleansing ability, but also has moisturizing benefits and other medicinal properties based on the kind of oil used. Secondly, the Total Fatty Matter (TFM) in a bath soap is less than 60 percent, but not less than 40 percent, while that in a toilet soap should be over 60 percent, but less than 76 percent. So in a nutshell, higher the TFM, the more its moisturizing properties. Last but not the least, surface active agents are absent in a toilet soap, while they are present in a bath soap. This makes the bath soaps gentler to use on the skin and a better product for those prone to allergic reactions and breakouts. 

The most important characteristics that tell you about the quality of a soap is its Total fatty matter (TFM). Ideally soaps with minimum 75 percent TFM is referred to as Grade 1 and those with minimum 65 percent TFM as Grade 2 and soaps with less than 60 percent of TFM as Grade 3. Having said that, toilet soaps with high TFM quantity can sometimes dry up your skin, if their pH levels are too high.

Saponification is a process that involves the conversion of fat, oil, or lipid, into soap and alcohol by the action of aqueous alkali. It is an age-old chemical process where triglycerides like plant or animal fats and oils, are mixed with aqueous lye like sodium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide, dissolved into water and then heated to reaction. The triglycerides are then converted into glycerol and sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids, which we know as soaps. The entire process ideally takes about 24 to 48 hours to complete once the lye and oils have been mixed and the raw soap has been poured into the mold. Then after, it should be left to air-dry to allow any excess water to evaporate out of the soap.

Bath soaps including bar soaps are manufactured by mixing an alkali with oil in a process called saponification. The oils used in soap making have most of the impact in deciding the characteristics of the soap. These oils can be natural oils or vegetable oils like palm oil, rice bran oil, ground nut oil, castor oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, etc. Types of bar soaps are decided not only by these oils but also by the treatment given to these oils during the process of soap manufacturing

Based on how a particular soap is made, most bath soaps can be categorized into, common bar soaps, superfatted soap, transparent soap, and syndet soap. Apart from these commonly used bath soaps, there are also combinations of bath soaps made from different types of cleansers. These soap bars are usually a combination of superfatted soap and syndet bars and are made to suit different skin types.

As the name suggests, handmade soap is made of vegetable oils and butters that are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and nutrients that are essential to healthy skin. Also they are made by hand as opposed to being manufactured by a big machine setup in a factory. Ideally when soaps are made commercially, and when the ingredients of the soap are mixed, natural glycerin is extracted which is in most cases removed to be used in cosmetics manufacturing. Meanwhile, handmade soaps retain the glycerin which prevents the skin from drying out and are thus good moisturizers. 

Some of the basic soap making equipment and machines needed for a soap business are, soap molds, Soap Cutting Machine.