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Energy & Power

(577 products)

  • City doesnt exists.
Ambala Cantt
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Business Type: Distributor

AVR TRADERS

Kolkata
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Business Type: Exporter | Trading Company

URJA EXPORTS PVT. LTD.

Ahmedabad
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Business Type: Manufacturer | Exporter

BIOTEK ENGINEERS

Ambala Cantt
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Business Type: Manufacturer | Trading Company

Puyang Xinyu Petrochemical Industry Co.,Ltd

Puyang
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Business Type: Manufacturer

Amit Udyog

Kolkata
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Business Type: Distributor

Aishu Petrochem

Chennai
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Business Type: Trading Company

CHEMTEK LIFE SCIENCE

Vadodara
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Business Type: Distributor | Exporter

Shree Sai Chemicals

Bengaluru
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Business Type: Exporter | Trading Company

BENMOKHTARS

Dusseldorf

Energy & Power Manufacturers | Suppliers in India

Company NameLocationMember Since
Micro TeknikAmbala Cantt, India12 Years

Base Oils
What are Base Oils?
Base Oils (Paraffinic)Base oil is the basic building block of a lubricant. Base oils, also known as lubricant base oils, are a complex mixture of paraffinic, aromatic and napthenic hydrocarbons with molecular weights ranging from medium to high values, which produce oils with desirable viscosities, densities and distillation curves. 

The quality of base oils is determined by their olefinic, nitrogenated and sulfured compound contents. This is determined by the refining process which it undergoes in its cleaning and removing of impurities. In order to meet composition specifications, these oils are submitted to the hydrotreatment (HDT) process before addition of other compounds for commercial production. This process is characterized by the use of operational conditions of low or medium severity so that aromatic distribution is not seriously affected and sulfur compounds are not completely removed. 

Base oils are generally fully saturated and extremely pure, with very low volatility and high viscosity index. The proportions of different hydrocarbon components determine the characteristics of the base oils. Viscosity is a measure of the base oilAca a cs ability to not thicken at low temperatures and not thin out at high temperatures.

Base oils may be refined, re-refined, recycled, or reusable. 

Base oils are produced using an advanced hydrocracking and hydroisomerization process. 

Brief History of Base Oils
  • Group II Base OilLubrication technology evolved slowly from ancient times
  • Naturally occurring petroleum distillates were used as lubrication
  • In the 1950s, solvent-refining technology emerged with its improved lubricant properties
  • In the 1970s and 1980s, hydroprocessing technologies, especially hydrocracking, allowed the manufacture of Group II base oils
  • Group II base oils were recognized as a separate API category in 1993 due to their positive differentiation over previous stocks 
  • Group-III Base OilHydroisomerization processes were developed, which converted wax to very high-quality base oil. Modern hydroisomerization technologies became widely popular after 1993. An abundant supply of Group II oils, having exceptional stability and low-temperature performance. This type of technology is now used to make almost half of all base oils in North America
  • Today Group III base oils are manufactured using modern hydroisomerization. These oils provide equivalent performance to traditional PAO-based (Group IV) synthetic oils for most products and can be manufactured in volumes and at price points unachievable by PAO.
Types of Base Oils 
There are two primary types of base oils as follows: 
Mineral Base Oil  a c Mineral base oils
  a c Synthetic base oils.

Mineral oils are by-products of refined crude oil. Refining helps reduce impurities but leaves molecules of all shapes and sizes. 

Synthetic oils are man-made compounds the molecules of which are all of the same size and shape. Synthetic oil has less friction and performs better than mineral oils. Here are the common synthetic oils: 
  • Polyalpha-olefin (PAO)
  • Synthetic esters
  • Polyalkylene glycols (PAG)
  • Phosphate esters
  • Alkylated naphthalenes (AN)
  • Silicate esters
  • Ionic fluids.
Phospahate Ester
Characteristics
  • High viscosity index
  • Very low volatility
  • Excellent cold temperature properties 
  • Oxidation properties
  • Thermal stability
  • Fully saturated
  • Colorless
  • Exceptional chemical purity.
Advantages
  • LubricantMaximizes the performance of lubricants 
  • Lower engine oil additive treat cost significantly
  • Provides a net formulation cost advantage without sacrificing premier performance
  • Ideal in applications requiring longer service life under high temperature operating conditions
  • Logical choice for the next generations of premium engine oils
  • Solution for the most demanding lubricant formulations
  • Improve the performance of finished engine oils and other lubricants
  • Free of impurities
  • Helps cut lubricant consumption 
  • Provide fuel economy benefits
  • Improved equipment protection and extended lubricant life
  • Premium performance
  • Ideal base stock for meeting the most stringent new engine oil specifications.
The Manufacturing Process
AsphaltBase oils are made, generally in a refinery, by a number of processes, basically distillation. Distillation under atmospheric pressure removes the gasoline and distillate fuel components, leaving a long residue containing the lube oil and the asphalt. Further distillation under vacuum yields neutral distillates overhead and an asphalt residue. Simple treatment with sulphuric acid, line and clay refines into the final product. 

For a more refined base oil, the coloured, unstable and low VI components are removed. Finally, wax is removed by dissolving the oil into methyl-ethyl ketone (MEK) and chilling and filtering to yield oils with pour points in the -10 to -20o C range. The oils may be "finished" with hydrogen to remove sulphur, nitrogen and colour bodies. 

The major manufacturing process involved is enumerated below:
  • FeedstockFeedstock is separated into distillates and vacuum gas oils
  • Waxy vacuum gas oil molecules flow to the hydrocracker to begin conversion
  • Hydrogen is introduced to saturate the molecules and remove impurities such as nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen and heavy metals 
  • Hydrocracking, under conditions of extreme temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst, converts aromatic molecules into saturated paraffins
  • The altered stock turns noticeably lighter in color due to the absence of impurities
  • Long waxy paraffin molecules are restructured into shorter, branched isoparaffins that resist gelling and improve low temperature pumpability 
  • Hydrogen is introduced again to remove any remaining aromatics and impurities, enhancing the oxidation and thermal stability
  • The end product becomes a colorless oil, i.e. base oil.
Processing Costs
Compressors
  • The processing cost of base oils is determined by the following factors: 
  • High value of product and raw material
  • Mandatory compliance with the product oil composition requirements
  • The use of an expensive reactant (hydrogen)
  • Operation at high temperatures and pressures
  • Investment in compressors and specific heterogeneous catalysts.
General Processing Operation
The operational conditions of base oils is based on varied parameters. An optimum process include the following:
  • Composition to a complex structure
  • Reactive process involving heterogeneous catalytic reaction networks
  • Adiabatical operation of the industrial reactor in various hydrogenation stages, under medium and high pressure conditions, multiple hydrogen feeds and with liquid and vapor phases in constant equilibrium
  • The overall process including, in addition to the reactor, etc.
  • Peripheral structures for feed preheating, heat recovery, compression and hydrogen recycling.
Base OilCategories of Base Oils
The API (American Petroleum Institute) has defined five specific categories of base oils by the quality of their viscosity index as follows: 
Group I - Solvent Freezing: They are the least refined containing a mix of different hydrocarbon chains used in less demanding applications
Group II - Hydro Processing and Refining: They have good lubricating properties and are very common in mineral based motor oils
Group III - Hydro Processing and Refining: These are subject to the highest level of mineral oil refining and offer good performance in a wide range of attributes and stability. They are commonly used with additives in the blending product lines
Synthetic Base OilGroup IV - Chemical Reactions: They are chemically engineered synthetic base stocks, which offer excellent performance in lubricating properties and stable chemical compositions
Group V - Ester Synthetic Base Oils: They are chemically engineered synthetic base stocks. They are rarely used due to their high cost and inability to mix readily with gasoline and some other oils. 

All the above mentioned five groups are available in the market and are used for varied purposes. 

Future Trends
Base Oil FeedstockHydroprocessing TechnologyThe trend in the future is directed towards lubricants and base oils with even higher purity, lower volatility and longer life. The molecular structure of base oils will be designed to provide higher lubrication performance. 

A new base oil feedstock is natural gas. A new type of ultra performance Group III base oil from wax derived from natural gas will hit the market. The plants making these super-synthetic base oils will employ the latest hydroprocessing technology.

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