Softening is a process where Calcium and Magnesium ions are exchanged for Sodium ions. Calcium and Magnesium ions associated with Alkalinity contributes for scale formation. These ions are also called as Total hardness. The strong acid cation ion exchange resin in Sodium form is used for softening the water. When the resin is exhausted, it is regenerated with brine solution ( Sodium Chloride ) 10 % or 15% brine solution is normally used for the regeneration. If the brine solution is passed from the bottom of the resin and service flow is from the top , then it is called as Upflow softener. If the service and regeneration flows are from top to bottom, then it is called as Coflow softeners. The softeners are run up to the Hardness slip of 5 ppm as CaCO3 in the treated water which is called as Industrial Zero hardness.