India's current account deficit narrowed down to $300 million or 0.1 percent of GDP in April-June quarter, according to RBI data released last week. The deficit is now at its lowest level in 37 quarters and much lower than the $6.1 billion, or 1.2 percent of GDP registered in the same quarter a year ago. Interestingly, however, this rate of decline has failed to cheer up many. After the release of the January-March deficit data it was widely expected that CAD may soon swing to surplus, according to an estimate to the level of $4 billion, but the last quarter figures – which hardly improved from those in the preceding quarter – poured cold water on this hope.

What underlying trends are reflected by the latest CAD data? Current account deficit shows the shortfall between inflow and outflow of foreign exchange. However, it does not necessarily mean that a deficit is always bad or a surplus is always good – it all depends on the factors giving rise to that deficit or surplus. In our case, the decline in deficit is on the back of weak imports rather than any growth in exports. Most importantly weakness in non-gold, non-oil imports is worrisome as it points to poor health of the industry, raising concern that our companies are not doing much to add fresh capacity. Also, exports played a little role in bringing down the deficit.

Some other disappointment the data brings include fall in private transfer receipts – mainly representing remittances by Indians employed overseas – and decline in foreign direct investment. During the period, private transfer receipts amounted to $15.2 billion, declining sharply from their level a year ago. Net FDI inflows halved to $4.1 billion from $8.8 billion in the preceding quarter and $10 billion a year ago. Net services receipts also declined on a y-o-y basis, largely due to a fall in net earnings on account of travel, financial services and other business services. These concerns warrant attention of the government.